Thursday, August 27, 2020

Composition of Hydrocarbons

Arrangement of Hydrocarbons Samerah Mansha Science †Hydrocarbons †Organic mixes are particles containing both carbon and hydrogen molecules. These mixes can be found as vaporous, fluid, or strong. Natural mixes are imperative in life forms as they are found in the items we utilize day by day, for example, cleanser, beauty care products, scents, plastics, elastic, paper, bug sprays. The wellspring of vitality we utilize regular, for example, oil and coal contain natural mixes. Nourishments, for example, margarines and flavorings that we taste are the natural mixes interrelating with our taste buds.Scents in scents and food that we recognize with our nose are natural mixes interrelating with our receptors. The primary sort of natural mixes are hydrocarbons, which are synthetic mixes trading off of carbon and hydrogen molecules. Alkanes and alkenes are two kinds of hydrocarbons. Alkanes are soaked hydrocarbons due to containing everything of hydrogen iotas conceivable. Alkanes additionally contain single bonds. The general equation of an alkane isCnH2n+2, where n shows the amount of carbon iotas present. The synthetic and basic equation of alkanes (see figure 1). Isomers are particles with an indistinguishable substance equation, yet contrast as far as having distinctive basic recipe because of shifted game plan of iotas, isomers likewise have various properties. The isomer of butane C4H10, is 2methyl-propane. (See figure 2) These two mixes are isomers of one another due to having a similar synthetic recipe of C4H10, yet shift regarding having distinctive auxiliary equation. The above propane has an additional methyl gathering, in this way called methyl propane. The isomers of hexane C6H14, (see figure 3) The isomers of pentane C5H12, (see figure 4) †A homologous arrangement is essentially a gathering of natural concoction mixes which is requested in expanding size, for example, having comparable structures yet just contrast somewhat by a CH2 bunch inside their chain. A progression of mixes which are connected like alkanes are known as homologous arrangement. This is on the grounds that alkanes have a similar general recipes of CnH2n+2, however vary from the following CH2 unit. All the alkanes in the homologous arrangement have comparable synthetic properties, yet have distinctive physical properties, for example, breaking point and thickness increment as the quantity of carbons molecules increment. Name of Alkane Number Carbon molecules Substance Formula Straightforward Structure (Molecular Diagram) Methane 1 C H4 Ethane 2 C2H6 Propane 3 C3H8 Butane 4 C4H10 Pentane 5 C5H12 Hexane 6 C6H14 Heptane 7 C7H16 Octane 8 C8H18 Nonane 9 C9H20 Decane 10 C10H22 Figure: 5 Example of a homologous arrangement of alkanes with structure of CnH2n+2, Ivy Rose, (n.d) 2.4, 2.5 †As alkanes are soak hydrocarbons, they are considered lifeless due to containing single bonds, for example, C-H and C-C bonds which hush up solid and hard to break because of the solid intermolecular power. Anyway the main ways alkanes can respond is by means of ignition, chlorination and breaking. Ignition is exothermic procedure and is known consuming of carbon mixes, specifically hydrocarbons is a fundamental wellspring of warmth vitality. For instance by combusting alkanes with oxygen it discharges vitality which can be promptly be utilized as powers. In ignition of alkanes, for example, propane, each and every covalent bond inside the reactants is separated and frames another arrangement of covalent securities inside the items. The decent equation is: CH3-CH2-CH3 + 5 O2â€â€>3 CO2 + 4 H2O + heat Ignition likewise producescarbon dioxideand watervapour which is appeared previously. Another case of ignition of methane: CH4(g) + 2O2(g)â†'CO2(g) + 2H2O(g) (Methane + Oxygenâ†'Carbon dioxide + Water) On the off chance that there isn't sufficient oxygen flexibly inside the air, at that point this would result at that point would frame carbon monoxide gas which is harms. For instance, the underneath condition shows the incomplete burning of methane because of absence of oxygen present: 2CH4(g) + 3O2(g) â†' 2CO(g)+ 4H2O(g) (Methane + Oxygen â†' Carbon monoxide + Water) Anyway the consuming of alkanes can possibly cause numerous enviromental issues, for example, the harmful waste gas carbon monoxide and unburnt hydrocarbons which are available in feline discharges. Extra exorbitant burning of hydrocarbons expands carbon dioxide outflows which add to the nursery impact. Another response of alkanes is called chlorination which is the when alkanes respond with chlorine. For instance, when the alkane methane and chlorine respond together, the hydrogen particles of the methane are just supplanted individually by chlorine iotas. Subsequently shaping a blend of mixes of chloromethane, dichloromethane, trichloromethane and tetrachloromethane. Figure:6 Reaction and items that happen among methane and chlorine, Chem Guide, (2000) A few energizes which are produced using oil blends contain enormous hydrocarbon atoms which are not helpful, as they don't stream effectively and hush up hard to touch off. This is the point at which the procedure of the breaking, a warm decompositionreaction comes in. The way toward splitting permits large hydrocarbon particles to be separated into a lot littler and progressively helpful hydrocarbon atoms. This is accomplished by the enormous hydrocarbon atoms being disintegrated and placed in a hot impetus which breakdowns the concoction securities inside particles consequently shaping littler hydrocarbon particles. For instance in the breaking procedure of the alkane hexane, a littler alkane is framed in addition to an alkene. The alkene is framed in light of the fact that the alkane which is this case is the hexane doesn't contain enough hydrogen molecules so as to deliver another alkane. . C6H14 C4H10 + C2H4 Figure: 7 The splitting response of the alkane hexane, BBC Bitesize, (n.d) 3.1 Alkenes are likewise hydrocarbons trading off of carbon and hydrogen particles, yet additionally have at least one twofold bonds present inside the carbon chain. Alkenes are additionally a progression of mixes inside a homologous arrangement however have an alternate general equation of CnH2n. Instances of alkenes and their synthetic and auxiliary recipe (See figure 8) Geometrical isomerisms are shaped when iotas or gatherings of atoms are orchestrated in an alternate manner because of restricted measure of pivot of the security or securities inside a particle. For instance, there are two geometrical isomers for the alkene 2-butene, as there are two distinctive spatial game plans of methyl gatherings and twofold bond, in this manner shaping geometrical isomers called cis-2-butene and trans-2-butene, these are framed in light of the fact that the CH3 bunches are found on inverse of the twofold bond. (See figure 9) Another model is the 1,2-dichloroethene, structures the trans-1,2 dichoethne and Cis-1,2 dichroloethee gemotical isomers, (See figure 10) One of the isomer, the two chlorine iotas are bolted upon inverse sides of twofold bond, in this manner called theTransisomer while in the other isomer the two chlorine molecules are bolted inside a similar side of the twofold bond in this way known as cisisomer. (See figure 10). 3.2, 3.3 †A solitary covalent bond is basically when one sets of electrons (2 electrons) are shared among two iotas. It ordinarily comprises of one sigma bond. Then again, bonds with more than one common pair of electrons are called various bonds, specifically sharing two sets of electrons is known as a twofold bond where 4 electrons are covalently fortified together, the twofold bonds regularly involves one sigma and one pi bond. Alkanes are soaked mixes with single covalent sigma bonds, therefore are more steady than alkenes as high measure of vitality would be expected to break these. Alkenes are unsaturated with the nearness of carbon-carbon pi-securities and sigma securities which interfaces with carbon iotas which makes them exceptionally more responsive than alkanes because of the presence of twofold securities and in light of the fact that they are precarious as they need to accomplish full immersion. Another explanation alkenes are metal receptive is on the grounds that in twofold bond there is a solitary pair of free electrons which is effectively lost along these lines profoundly responsive as its effortlessly lost so as to be covalently single fortified Thus when alkenes respond in such responses, for example, burning or increases, it fundamentally includes the break of the pi security, in this way framing newsingle securities. Inside the alkenes, the twofold bond permits more electrons to be place d into the joining inside the two carbon molecules, in this way held less unequivocally making them bound to respond with less contribution of vitality expected to conquer the enactment vitality of response 3.4, 3.5 The fundamental response of alkenes is the expansion response which happens because of the additional electron found inside the C=C twofold security which makes alkenes be assaulted by species called electrophiles in which â€Å"like† positve charged electrons. Due to the electrophile having a positive charge it is pulled in towards the alkene which causes the electrons inside the pi attach to break, at that point electrons from it are utilized so as to shape a cling to the positive end joining the two carbon particles to different things. Figure: 11 Example of an expansion response utilizing X-Y, Chem control, (2003) Another case of expansion responses is hydrogen and hydrogen chloride. ethene +hydrogenâ†'ethane = C2H4+H2â†'C2H6 Because of alkenes containing pi-bonds (twofold or triple) which can be broken effectively because of their overlay, it makes them the practical objective for expansion response, which balances out the atomic orbitals by shaping sigma-bonds, which are more grounded. Another model ofan expansion reactionis the bromine test which is essentially utilized so as to differentiate between an alkane and an alkene. Alkenes experience an expansion response when joined with bromine water which is typically orangey-earthy colored in shading, however when it is shaken with an alkene, the arrangement gets dull as alkene decolourise bromine water as it responds with the twofold bond, which demonstrates the nearness of a pi security. Howe

Saturday, August 22, 2020

The Social Conflict Theory Sociology Essay

The Social Conflict Theory Sociology Essay Sociologists accept that there is four distinct methods of social clash. Most sociologists will utilize the hypothetical or viewpoint way to deal with assistance inquire about. There are a large number of approaches that are utilized by humanist in any case, the essentially stick to three sorts of hypotheses. The first would be the basic practical hypothesis, at that point the social clash hypothesis, lastly the emblematic communication hypothesis. Inside these three methodologies are a few additional approaches to pick up explore (Conflict Theories, 2011). The social clash hypothesis attempts to show that society makes strife because of the imbalances that are available in regular day to day existence. Most sociologists will utilize the full scale level direction hypothesis basically in light of the fact that it accepts society all in all and shows how it shapes our lives. It utilizes terms like disparity, power, authority, rivalry, and misuse (Conflict Theories, 2011). A portion of the models that would be utilized in the social clash hypothesis are authority. Authority considers the family, male controlled society, race and ethnicity chains of command of power. In disparity there is family, wellbeing, and property. Imbalance sees how individuals are dealt with and how are seen by others. At that point there is rivalry which; can be anything from instruction, religion, to who will move over when you pass somebody in the city. Rivalry is instilled within each one of us from the time we are conceived until the time we bite the dust (Conflict Theories, 2011). The force and abuse can go connected at the hip. The individuals that are in force or come to control arrived in such a state by abusing residents en route. Force, if not held under control, will make the fair of men degenerate. When the debasement sets in they will utilize that capacity to misuse individuals en route to acquire power (Conflict Theories, 2011). Karl Marx accepted there two gatherings of individuals in the public arena, the affluent and poor people. He examined what might occur on the off chance that one gathering chose to up ascend against the other. He hopes to perceive what might occur and what jobs the individuals included would take. When the sides are picked and the revolt has started, Marx will contemplate the inward activities of the overwhelm class to perceive how they hold their status after the contention has finished (Conflict Theories, 2011). Social clash can be either utilized for positive or negative. Take any uprising against the nearby government. In Somalia the individuals have been battling their legislature for correspondence and decency. The administration themselves are battling its own kin to keep the control or force. All over time there is human uprising against people with significant influence. The prior fights were battled for land, the later fights are battled for voracity, influence, and riches. A few instances of awful social clash are the ongoing increment in acts of mass violence, bombings, and over all savagery that is tormenting the nation today. Tragically the guiltless by stander is normally the one getting injured or executed. This isn't simply constrained to the United States; it is the whole way across the globe. Those that are in influence need more influence and riches to control the individuals who are less blessed. In this way, the social clash hypothesis is about people with great influence needing to remain in power and those not in powers needing to pick up power. All through time there have been numerous fights pursued in the craving to pick up power. Everything started with Karl Marx and has advanced after some time to fuse numerous different speculations about wrongdoing and what causes it. There is likewise the sensible hypothesis; this hypothesis is around ones gathering increase, because of another gatherings misfortune. This can be welcomed on by constrained assets, this can prompt clash. This can prompt more grating inside each gathering when they vie for assets. This hypothesis is a social mental hypothesis thought to clarify partiality (Conflict Theories, 2011). A model for this would be movement. With all the bombings, fear monger assaults, and savagery from one ethnic gathering or strict gathering. With the ongoing Boston bombings, this will prompt a negative response to all outsiders of Muslim fair. It doesnt matter in the event that they are of Middle Eastern not too bad, individuals will see only the shade of their skin and naturally bump them into one classification, fear monger. This hypothesis can be followed back through history. It very well may be seen with the British and Native Americans, Whites and blacks, Japanese and American, and as of late center eastern and Americans. The majority of these contentions have occurred more than one ethnicity doesnt like what the other one accepts, regardless of whether it is religion, governmental issues, or good standings. Muzafer Sherif did the well known investigation called Robbers Cave in 1954. He fundamentally took two gatherings of high school young men, put them in a camp, and had them go up against one another. He had 22 young men in the examination, all working class white young men. These young men all originated from comparative foundations and childhood. He arbitrarily appointed them to a gathering (McLeod, 2008). In the principal seven day stretch of the trial, the two gatherings fortified with one another. The young men picked bunch names and stenciled them on their apparel and a banner. They reinforced over climbing, swimming, and hanging out. This made and connection that reinforced the young men together (McLeod, 2008). In the second week he moved the young men to rivalries against the other gathering. He utilized exercises like, baseball, back-and-forth and different games. The triumphant gathering would get a trophy toward the finish of the opposition. He likewise included individual prizes to make rivalry against the other gathering and inside the gatherings (McLeod, 2008). The young men turned out to be genuinely, loudly, and intellectually damaging towards one another. They consumed every others banners, destroyed dozing territories, and must be truly controlled by the analysts. This investigation demonstrated that it doesnt matter where you originate from, you can go to bias (McLeod, 2008). At that point there is the Game Theory which states explores the key conduct of chiefs who know that their choices influence each other (Skekel, 2013). The gaming hypothesis accepted that individuals collaborated with one another like a game. This was finished by key moves, champs and washouts, prizes and disciplines, or benefits and cost. It was the primary model used to portray how the human populace associates (Game Theory An Overview, 2013). Thus, with this hypothesis you will have players, techniques, and outcomes simply like in a game. There are numerous kinds of games like lose-lose situation, non-lose-lose situation, concurrent move games, consecutive move games, one-shot games, and rehashed games. These games are utilized to examine the gaming hypothesis (Game Theory An Overview, 2013). A mainstream gaming hypothesis is the detainees predicament. The detainees problem shows why two people probably won't concur, regardless of whether apparently it is ideal to concur (Game Theory An Overview, 2013). They utilize two individuals who have carried out a wrongdoing and set one in opposition to the next. The condemning is finished by how the crooks talk, or not talk. In the event that one accomplice talks, they get condemned and the other set free. On the off chance that the two of them stay calm they get a short sentence, on the off chance that the two of them talk the two of them get a moderate sentence. They never uncover what the detainees decided to do (Game Theory An Overview, 2013).

Friday, August 21, 2020

Essay Topics on the Old Testament

Essay Topics on the Old TestamentThere are many types of essay topics but first in this lesson we are going to discuss the most popular topic: the Old Testament. In this example, we will discuss the Old Testament topics that are ancillary to the storyline and provide additional information to those who have read the Bible. Themes such as wars, love, redemption, truth, spiritual gain, and law are typical in essay topics of the Old Testament.In writing your essay topics on the Old Testament, you need to take a look at the subject matter in that particular period. What kind of writer are you? Do you like the written document, do you enjoy the Bible, or do you do not know much about the Bible? If you do not like to read, this lesson may not be for you, but if you enjoy reading, then this lesson is perfect for you.So, let's start our lesson with the Old Testament. You will want to learn the basic of subjects such as history, geography, and the chronology of events, but you will also want to learn about some of the more complicated subjects such as the Old Testament. Although you will still learn about the Old Testament, you will also want to learn how you can begin to relate it to the story of your own life. I am sure you will learn a great deal.The Old Testament is one of the most interesting periods in the entire Bible. You will learn about the people of Israel, including the mighty men of their day, the events of the times, and the struggle to overcome persecution. You will also learn about religious events, as well as the decline of the Pharisees, and how God led the people of Israel out of Egypt. You will learn about the destruction of Jerusalem, and how it changed the world. You will also learn about other people who lived during this time such as Elisha and the priest's.This is an important topic. Because of the existence of so many Bible stories, people from every time period are fascinated by the stories of the Old Testament. All individuals who read the Bi ble enjoy the same things. Some enjoy the stories and some simply enjoy the passages of the Bible. But, for every person who enjoys the stories, there are others who are not as interested in the stories.As you begin to write about your essay topics on the Old Testament, you should begin to reflect on the many different stories and passages. Study them carefully. Some of the Old Testament stories will be familiar to you and some of them will be new to you. Reflect on how the people of the times lived their lives and what they were thinking and feeling during certain time periods of the Old Testament.Throughout your entire essay, you will find ways to demonstrate how much you enjoyed the Old Testament. What themes, characters, or events caught your attention and allowed you to read on? The best essay topics are those that will allow you to reflect on your life. Find an essay topic that you would enjoy reading and read about it. It is always better to read about something you love, rat her than something you hate.In conclusion, you can begin by looking at Biblical events that occurred over a long period of time. For example, look at Israel and the exile, and even look at the different kingdoms of Israel.

Monday, May 25, 2020

America Under The Constitution Of The United States Essay

Daniel Sanders Mr. Nelson AP US History 10/18/16 Founding a Nation, 1783-1789 - The founding of the new nation brought along much promise, however, it was going to be difficult for the United States to bring together its diverse population and keep control of its vast amounts of land while simultaneously trying to create a new nation. I. America Under the Constitution A. The Articles of Confederation 1. The first ratified Constitution of the United States was the Articles of Confederation, drafted by Congress in 1777 and ratified by the states four years later. a) The main idea of the Articles was to protect liberty, and therefore it turned out to be more of a treaty for mutual defense rather than a plan for a common government. b) The original form of government consisted of a one-house Congress, in which each state had one vote despite various populations. There was no president or judicial branch to balance out the power. 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Friday, May 15, 2020

The Class Placement of Students with ADD/ADHD - 1721 Words

Contemporary students with learning disabilities such as ADD/ADHD are continuously perceived as incompetent to adapt to a traditional classroom setting with students who have no learning disabilities. Consequently, many students with learning disabilities are placed in classrooms that are designated only for students with learning disabilities. Schools use a non-inclusive setting when students with learning impairments like ADD/ADHD are placed in a â€Å"special class† with other learning impairment students. This non-inclusive classroom placement causes many learning impaired students to do worse academically and socially than if they had been placed in an inclusive setting. By definition, ADD/ADHD students that are placed in an inclusive†¦show more content†¦According to research, female students with ADD/ADHD achieve more academically than male students with ADD/ADHD (Ribner 319-24). The effects of inclusion have different outcomes from the effects of non-inclusion . Over time, the positive effects of inclusion affect the ADD/ADHD student socially and academically. According to Baker, Wang, and Walberg, reports on the effects on inclusion are not high; however, they are positive. They concluded that students with special educational needs typically improve their performance in ordinary classrooms. â€Å"Considerable evidence from the last 15 years suggests that segregation of special students in separate classrooms is actually deleterious to their academic performance and social adjustment† (Baker, Wang, and Walberg 33-35). The learning impaired student is affected socially in the inclusive setting by cooperative learning and peer interaction. Cooperative learning techniques can be an excellent tool for promoting positive social interactions among students (Sosin and Sosin 53-58). Another positive impact inclusion has on the ADD/ADHD student is the increase of self-esteem, which results from the interaction of a variety of students in a traditional classroom setting. Therefore, with increased peer interaction, ADD/ADHD students have a higher opportunity of being accepted among their peers (Beltempo and Achille 81). The learning impaired student is affected academically in the inclusive setting. TheShow MoreRelatedEssay about Students With ADD/ADHD and Class Placement1218 Words   |  5 PagesContemporary students with learning-disabilities such as ADD/ADHD are continuously perceived as incompetent to adapt in an ordinary classroom setting with other students without learning-disabilities. Consequently, many students with learning disabilities are placed in classrooms that are designated only for students with learning disabilities. 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Section has acknowledged the discrimination of many c hildren and adults. Senator Hubert Humphrey, who supported the Section, has said

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Cruel Methods Of Animal Testing - 2812 Words

Why do U.S companies still use cruel methods of animal testing despite The Animal Welfare Act of 1966? Millions of animals are used in painful experimentation yearly. Animals such as rabbits, dogs, cats, guinea pigs and monkeys are used in extreme testing for drugs, cosmetic and household products.(http://www.animalresearchcures.org) In the United States, no matter how cruel, pointless or painful an experiment is, it is always legal. The usage of animals in research goes way back to the early 1900’s when many tragic incidents on humans began taking place with untested products. Scientists believed that in order for products to be safe, it must be tested on an animal first before going out to the public, however, not all tests were reliable. Due to the outcomes of untested products in the 1900’s in the U.S., testing on animals became a more efficient way to ensure safety amongst its consumers. Historical Context From as early as 1937, untested products were sold to the public causing the death of more than hundred people. This product was a cough syrup which was supposed to heal anyone from a cold but instead, it contained toxins which ended up killing many. Since products as strong as drugs, cosmetics and house products contain such strong chemical ingredients, U.S. congress passed the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act in 1938 after incidents including untested products came into the picture. The FFDCA is a set of laws that provide the safety in food, medicine andShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Animal Cruelty1691 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal cruelty has become a problem, it is causing harm to the animals lives. Animal Cruelty is the suffering of an animal, whether it is caused on purpose or not. There are other things that are cruel to animals, such as the testing of animals. These animals have no protection by law, which means they can be used for any testing. This is unacceptable, unfair , and cruel that these animals have to be used in testing. Animals are just as important as humans. Their are those who believe that it is okayRead MoreAnimal Welfare Campaign Should Be Banned1185 Words   |  5 PagesEvery year, over billions of innocent animals, are dying, poisoned, and killed as a result of million experiments that are tested on them. These new experiments are not hundred percent guaranteed. However, these experiences may work with animals and give positive results, but when it tests back on the human, it gives the opposite results. The animal welfare campaign finds that testing new products on animals is an inhuman and a cruel thing and it should be stopped. So, they start making attacks aroundRead MoreAnimal Testing Is Not All Humane And Pain Free1130 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"An estimated 26 million animals are used every year in the united states for scientific and commercial testing† (ProCon.org). We are rapidly using up the earth’s supply o f small animals. â€Å"A 2011 poll of nearly 1,000 biomedical scientists conducted by the science journal Nature found that more than 90% agreed that the use of animals in research is essential (ProCon.org). Right now, millions of mice, rats, rabbits, cats, dogs, and other animals are locked up in cages and are getting killed for scientificRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be A Thing Of The Past Essay1567 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal testing should be a thing of the past. Imagine this, scientists injecting a certain chemical to an innocent animal to test, so that product can be safe for human utilization. Now, this chemical will have a mercurial effect on that animal, it will either comply with it or succumb to the chemical and causing various side effects; could even lead to death. This is the sad and cruel reality animals in labs are facing. Over the years, scientists from all over the globe have conducted tedious experimentsRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1136 Words   |  5 PagesAnimal experimentation is not the most accurate testing, just because some medicine and cosmetic product pass an animal test it doesn’t mean it has a beneficial effect on humans. Animal tests have evolved in many ways throughout history in negative and positive ways. A strong negative being that we are different from animals but not just animals we are also different from each other. There are many arguments that we humans wouldn’t be where we are today if it wasn’t for reliance on animal testingRead MoreShould Animal Testing Be Banned?844 Words   |  3 PagesShould animal testing be banned? Nowadays, a lot of animals has been tested on a range of experiments over the world. You could be supporting animal teasing cruelty without knowing it. Have you ever check if there’s animal testing on the cosmetics before you buy it? Today, a lot of cosmetics has been testing on helpless animals and there are about 1.4 million animals die each year from animal testing ( CatalanoJ, 1994). Most of the experiments that are completed in the laboratories are very cruelRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1721 Words   |  7 Pages † Today, more animals are being used in experiments than ever before: around 100 million in the United States alone† (3). Animal testing is now an international issue, and it is becoming a major story. Currently, animals are often used in medical testing, make-up testing, and other consumer product testing. Animals used in such product testing are often abused and suffer from serious side-effects. Animal testing can be painful for the animals, testing results are usually not even useable forRead MoreThe Use Of Research On Cosmetics And Its Effects On Society1604 Words   |  7 PagesBlinded by Beauty On average, 26 million animals are used every year for the use of research on cosmetics. These tests should be banned for many obvious reasons such as it is clearly cruel and inhumane, they cost more than alternative methods, and they do not predict an accurate result due to the anatomical differences. Animals are being unfairly tortured and killed for research on ingredients that people are unknowingly using in their everyday lives. Here’s an important question to consider;Read MoreMedical Testing on Animals is Considered Animal Cruelty Essay1020 Words   |  5 PagesResearch on living animals has been practiced since at least 500 BC. Over 25 million animals are tested in labs every year. They are used for medical and scientific research. The animals used in research often undergo cruel experimentations and suffer through the pain. During medical testing, less than 2% of human illnesses are seen in animals, therefor medical testing on animals is cruel and pointless. Med ical testing on animals should be illegal because products that pass animal tests end up harmingRead MorePersuasive Essay On Animal Testing704 Words   |  3 PagesAnimal testing has been a around since 384 BC. â€Å"Some testing methods require the animal to; die, be exposed to radiation, remove or expose organs, or subject animals to trauma to create depression and/or anxiety.† (â€Å"THE LEADING SOURCE FOR PROS CONS OF CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES†) Animal tests and human results only coordinate about 5- 25% of the time. Not only is it inhumane, but it isnt even all that reliable. Not to mention, it`s an insufficient waste of government money. Yes it has helped us in vaccine

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Internal and External Business Function-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the internal and external business functioning which would be required to implement to start up new Construction Business. Answer: Introduction In this report, study has been conducted to evaluate the internal and external business functioning which would be required to implement to start up new construction business. The new construction business company name would be ABDOCAK construction private limited. It is a limited liability partnership company which is incorporated with a view to earn profit and satisfy clients demand and need. This report reflects the key understanding on the opportunities, threats and other concerns which an entrepreneur face while running construction business in Australia. Organizational structure ABDOCAK construction private limited is start up business in which only 10 members are making joint efforts to accomplish set objectives and goals. Company has followed proper centralised functioning in which all the decisions and strategies will be formulated by promoters and key managerial persons. However, employees who are indulged in labour activities will be accustomed to act as per the directions and instructions given by line managers. It is further observed that if top management department will indulged in formulating the strategies and implementation work will be done by the other line managers and managers of functional department. However, company has planned to enhance its value chain activities within 5 years by decentralised functioning (Brush, Greene, Hart, 2011). Vision ABDOCAK construction private limited is has vision to successfully delivering projects across Australia. Mission It has mission to customize its value chain activities as per the wants and needs of clients in market. External and internal environmental forces Company has environmental forces which provide various threats to organizations. However, with the increasing ramification of economic changes and increasing demand of clients, company has been coming up with different strategic planning and methods such as customizing its plots and construction as per the clients demand and needs (Cooke Williams, 2013). In addition to this, Australian government has increased tariff and traits on the constructions works which not only increase the overall cost of constructions but also reduce the overall profit of company. Nonetheless, the major problem in construction work is related to hiring talented architect in Australia. Company has started up its new business and for the better and effective quality of servicers company has to take assistance from the experienced architect who could provide their best professional services to other employees in the organization. In addition to this, there are several rules and regulations such as workmen com pensation act, provisions and laws of real estate act and other corporate laws which should be complied by the company otherwise it may result to heavy imposition of penalties on the company (Bryman, Bell, 2015). Nonetheless, other issue which ABDOCAK construction private limited could face is related to management of finance. It is true to say that company has to manage its sources of finance with a view to reduce the overall cost of capital of company (Sakas, Vlachos Nasiopoulos, 2014). For instance, ABDOCAK construction private limited could raise its finance from various sources such as issue of initial public offer, debts funds and private equity funds. Management department should implement capital budgeting tool to reduce the overall cost of capital of company. However, external business environment forces could be evaluated on the basis of PESTLE analysis. Political Political situation in Australia is very stable. It will enable company to come up with effective investment strategies and on the basis of stable political factors. However, company could make strategic alliance with other organizations for enhancing its value chain activities in Australia in real estate construction business. Environmental This factors provide that economic conditions and other applicable environmental laws and regulations. ABDOCAK construction private limited needs to evaluate the level of carbon emission and other hazardous substance should be in accordance with the applicable carbon emission acts (Mller Parvinen, 2015). Social It is related with the value, belief, culture and other choices of people living in Australia. People in Australia are less inclined towards associated cost of construction services and give more weightage to quality of constructions services. ABDOCAK construction private limited needs to provide best quality of constructions services to Australian people with a view to increase the overall market share (David, 2011) Legal This provides the applicable laws and regulations which needs to be complied by ABDOCAK construction private limited to run its business effectively. However, the penalties imposed due to non-compliance of applicable law may increase the overall construction cost of ABDOCAK construction private limited. There are several acts such as workmen compensation act, provisions and laws of real estate act and other corporate laws (Coates, 2016). Economical This factor will provide the purchasing power, interest parity rate and gross domestic product rate of Australia. It is evaluated that people in Australia has high purchasing power and more inclined towards availing quality of construction services. Therefore, company has to manage its business functioning in such a manner which will meet all the expectation of clients in Australia. Risk that will faced by ABDOCAK construction private There are several risk which will be faced by ABDOCAK construction private while running its construction business in Australia such as arrangement of finance, complexity of business, increased overall cost burden, fault in complying with the applicable rules and regulation of real estate act. In addition to this, if company fails to hire professional employees, architect and other labour then it will destruct the planned business strategies and result to failure to provide best quality services to clients. Another risk which ABDOCAK construction private could face is related to high competition from the rivals. If company fails to deliver its promise with the given time manner then it will not only destruct the brand image of company but also increase the overall cost of construction. There are several rivals such ADCO construction and Faltosy construction who are providing best possible construction services in Australia with a view to increase the their overall market share. It is further observed that if ABDOCAK construction private customized its construction services as per the demand and needs of clients then it will surely increase the overall turnover and profit. Business practice of company There are several business rivals in construction business such as ADCO construction and Faltosy construction who are following standard business practice in Australia. However, ABDOCAK construction private company needs to enter into strategic alliance with other business partners in Australia. This level of business practice will not only improve the business performance of company but also increase the overall brand image. However, company might face problem of finance arrangement for making payment of consideration for the strategic alliance. This level of strategic alliance will increase the overall productivity and quality of constructions services in Australia. Nonetheless, if company could also use other strategies such as SWOT analysis, PESTLE analysis and implement new SMART strategic functioning in its business practice to increase the effectiveness of business performance. However, people in Australia are more inclined towards constructing their own houses, apartment and building as per their choices and expectation. Therefore, ABDOCAK construction private company should make its value chain activities customized as per the clients needs and demand in Australian market. Now in the end, it could be inferred that company should adopt following business practice such as customization of its construction services, implementation of new strategic plans and procedure, entering into strategic alliance with organizations and providing best quality of services at cheapest price to clients in Australia. Important functions within ABDOCAK construction private company The main important functions of ABDOCAK construction private is related to strategic planning of management department, hiring of experienced employees and architect, customization of value chain activities and investment of highly sophisticated machines and plants. If company could install highly developed machines then it will surely increase the efficiency of business and reduce the hard work of labours in construction process system. In addition to this, strategic alliance with other organizations may provide pool of talented employees, machines and set process system which could enhance the quality of constructions services provided by ABDOCAK construction private company to its clients (Horkoff, et al. 2014).In addition to this, use of high technology machines and experienced staffs in architecture work may also increase the quality of work and brand image of company. It could be used by company as important market factor in the promotional plan of company. Conclusion Now in the end, it could be inferred that if company could customized business functioning as per the clients needs and demand in Australia then it will surely increase the overall turnover and brand image of company. ABDOCAK construction private company needs to implement all of its strategic plans in systematic manner after evaluating all the internal and external factors. However, business practice such as customization of its construction services, implementation of new strategic plans and procedure, entering into strategic alliance with organizations and providing best quality of services at cheapest price to clients in Australia will surely result to companys overall all performance. References Brush, C. G., Greene, P. G., Hart, M. M. (2011). From initial idea to unique advantage: The entrepreneurial challenge of constructing a resource base.The academy of management executive,15(1), 64-78. Bryman, A., Bell, E. (2015).Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. Coates, J. F. (2016). Scenario planning.Technological forecasting and social change,113, 99-102. Cooke, B., Williams, P. (2013).Construction planning, programming and control. John Wiley Sons. David, F.R., 2011.Strategic management: Concepts and cases. Peaeson/Prentice Hall. Horkoff, J., Barone, D., Jiang, L., Yu, E., Amyot, D., Borgida, A., Mylopoulos, J. (2014). Strategic business modeling: representation and reasoning.Software Systems Modeling,13(3), 1015-1041. Mller, K., Parvinen, P. (2015). An impact-oriented implementation approach in business marketing research: Introduction to the Special Issue on Implementing Strategies and Theories of B2B Marketing and Sales Management.Industrial Marketing Management,45, 3-11. Sakas, D., Vlachos, D., Nasiopoulos, D. (2014). Modelling strategic management for the development of competitive advantage, based on technology.Journal of Systems and Information Technology,16(3), 187-209

Saturday, April 11, 2020

Wikang Filipino free essay sample

In the Philippines poverty and pervasive malnutrition are not limited to families of deprived seasonal workers. Undernourishment is endemic and increasing throughout most of this archipelago of some 7100 islands, and is compounded by the prevalence of intestinal parasites and gastrointestinal diseases which health workers estimate deprive youngsters of at least 5-10% of the nutritional value in food they do consume. This problem is particularly prevalent in rural villages and city slums where many people eat with their fingers. According to the Philippine Ministry of Health, nearly 1/2 of all reported deaths are among infants and children through age 4, and about 1/2 of the accelerated death rate among those age 5 and younger is related to malnutrition, compounded by diarrhea, measles, and malaria which is returning to areas where it once was almost eradicated. 3 factors critically affect a newborns survival prospects: the family size he or she is born into; the time or spacing between the mothers pregnancies; and the childs birth order. We will write a custom essay sample on Wikang Filipino or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Evidence indicates that, during the 1970s, as US aid and other family planning assistance became available, they were used most among families in the 2 highest income classes, where reduction of family size is under way. Poverty is the most fundamental cause of malnutrition, although many other factors contribute. Land reform has brought security of tenure and increasingly is transferring ownership of fields to former tenants of rice and corn lands. For the former tenants enhanced security brings greater income and better eating for the farm families retain more of the crop. The undernourished and truly poor of the Philippines number about 1/2 of the population. Although dispersed throughout most of the archipelago, there are important regional differences. These related to marked geographic patterns that affect fertility of the soil, length of the dry season, fortunes of predominant crops, vulnerability to destructive typhoons, chronic warfare and other endemic lawlessness, major debilitating diseases, and especially population pressure. Malnutrition is not a hidden problem. The government, almost since the proclamation of 1972 martial law, has campaigned against malnutrition. During the 1970s, the government developed a major program of expanded production with the result that rice production expanded substantially. Even this achievement leaves the average Filipino short by 300 calories of food intake per day. It is not jiggering with food aid or government price incentives that will assure that future Filipinos will have enough to eat. Only a productive revolution of rural life that also educates mothers to know what makes for sound family nutrition will be adequate. MANILA, PHILIPPINES (22 August 2005) A lack of basic vitamins and micronutrients in the diet is damaging the health of one third of the worlds population and hampering economic development, according to a recent joint report from the United Nations Childrens Fund and the Micronutrient Initiative (MI). Simple iron deficiency in Indonesia reduces gross domestic product by some 0. 5% each year ($485 million) through lost productivity, as estimated in 2003s Global Assessment Report on Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies. Yet food fortification offers a low-cost method for facing the problem, and ought to be the first public-policy choice for delivering nutrition improvement programs and lowering clinical malnutrition. With food fortification strategies supported and maintained through market-based systems, governments can focus the delivery of food supplements, nutrition services, and dietary education to disadvantaged populations with limited access to fortified food. A Simple and Cheap Technology Fortifying flour, salt, and oil, for example, offers an effective and inexpensive way to get essential vitamins and minerals into food for low-income and at-risk populations. The technology is simple, the product quality is unaffected, and the incremental price is low. Salt can be iodized, for example, for as little as five cents per person, per year. Using food fortification to reduce micronutrient deficiencies helps strengthen economies by lowering health care costs and increasing worker productivity. It also improves childrens cognitive development, further elping expand and sustain economic development. Access to fortified food, however, is often limited because of low purchasing power and underdeveloped distribution channels. Control of micronutrient deficiencies through food fortification, nonetheless, is gaining international attention. For example, the Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN) funded primarily by the Bill Melinda Gates Foundation, bilateral donors, and the MI provides resources to alliances of governments, industry, and civil society to implement large-scale food fortification programs that reach low-income populations. The Copenhagen Consensus, which addresses some of the biggest challenges facing the world, and assesses development opportunities and their costs, rated food fortification with micronutrients as the most successful intervention to reduce the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia, and iodine and vitamin A deficiencies. Lack of iron not only has an influence on fetal and childhood development, but also has a direct negative effect on the productivity of adults. Iodine deficiency in childhood reduces brain development, and vitamin A deficiency can permanently damage eyesight or even cause blindness. Fortification: A National Challenge To be successful, national fortification programs must be sustainable and market driven, and governments must back them up with adequate regulations, standards, and public education. International experience shows that government policy, standards, and regulations are critical to establishing an environment that enables the private food sector to invest, produce, and distribute quality, fortified products. Government is key to creating producer awareness, building consumer demand, and shaping the marketplace with clear regulations and transparent regulatory enforcement procedures. Food control and monitoring systems for fortified flour, salt, and other foods require technical and managerial capacity as well as coordination among government agencies charged with regulating domestic and imported food. There is also a need to strengthen food control and monitoring systems for fortified food at the market and household levels. New Approaches in Indonesia Vitamin A deficiency, iodine deficiency disorders, and iron deficiency anemia are common problems in Indonesia. These micronutrient deficiencies contribute to disease, mortality, growth retardation, brain damage, and reduced cognitive and working capacity among children and adults. That puts a severe strain on education and health systems, lowers productivity, and raises levels of sustained poverty. In urban slum areas, the prevalence of underweight children is especially high, and anemia rates among young children remain alarmingly high. More than half the children under 5 years of age are vitamin A deficient. A recent study showed that consumption of palm oil by poor families was sufficient to deliver 30% of the recommended daily allowance for vitamin A, suggesting that vitamin A fortification of palm oil presents a promising opportunity to reduce the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency. While iron supplementation is widely implemented to treat and prevent iron deficiency anemia in adults, realistic alternatives for young children remain very limited. Therefore, in-home fortification with multimicronutrient fortificants, which are also called sprinkles, is a new option to address iron deficiency anemia in young children. It consists of microencapsulated iron and other essential micronutrients to treat and prevent iron and other deficiencies in infants and young children. The encapsulation is a thin lipid (vegetable fat) coating that prevents the iron from dissolving into the weaning food, thus, preventing any change in color, flavor, and taste of food. Multimicronutrient fortificants can be added to complementary food to reduce vitamin A deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in children 6-59 months of age. Sprinkles have proved effective in Benin, Peoples Republic of China, Ghana, India, and Mongolia. Although the product is not yet commercially available, sprinkles may promise an alternative for Indonesian children who suffer micronutrient deficiencies. To combat malnutrition in Asia and the Pacific region, ADB has provided technical assistance on nutrition and food fortification to 16 developing member countries since 1996. In addition, two grant projects launched since 2001 and funded through the Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction (JFPR) aim to promote sustainable food fortification programs in the Central Asian republics and Mongolia. To address the alarming rates of micronutrient deficiencies in Southeast Asia, ADB has launched its first food fortification project for Indonesia, with $1. 75 million financed through the JFPR. The grant project pilots palm oil fortification with vitamin A and assesses the technical feasibility to locally produce multimicronutrient fortificants. It is estimated that about 70% of the population, particularly the poor, could be reached if palm oil is fortified with vitamin A. The oil fortification technology is uncomplicated and widespread. The project also aims to establish public-private partnerships for marketing and distributing sprinkles. About ADBThe Philippines is already experiencing over-population. Our country is one of the most over-populated country. It is the 12th most over-populated country in the whole world. Many of the people here in the Philippines, especially teenagers, are engaged in prostitution and pre-marital sex, which is two of the most common causes of over-population. Over-population is existing and increasing because also of poverty. Many of the female teenagers nowadays tend to sell themselves just for money, so that they will be able to have something for their expenses, and in some cases, for their school fees and/or their families. In fact, because of these things Philippines is also starting to suffer from some diseases, such as, AIDS, STD, HIV, and also malnutrition only common to some parts or provinces of the Philippines.

Tuesday, March 10, 2020

Ducts and Dukes Lead the Way

Ducts and Dukes Lead the Way Ducts and Dukes Lead the Way Ducts and Dukes Lead the Way By Mark Nichol The Latin verb ducere, meaning â€Å"lead,† is the basis of many English words pertaining to action, development, and movement. This post lists and defines these words. To abduct (literally, â€Å"lead away†) is to kidnap or seize someone; one who does so is an abductor, and the action is called abduction. Abduce is a synonym for the medical sense of the word; abduce and abduct both describe drawing a body part away from another. (Abductor is used as a noun in this sense as well.) To adduce (literally, â€Å"lead to†), by contrast, is to draw a body part toward the axis of a limb or the center of the body. It also means â€Å"provide an example, proof, or reason to support a proposition.† (Abduction and adductor are the noun forms, and abducent and adducent are the adjectives.) A duct is a channel or a conduit; aqueduct literally means â€Å"water channel.† (Duct tape, sometimes, as a result of a mishearing, called â€Å"duck tape,† is so named because it was developed for repairing ducts.) Something that is ductile is capable of being beaten thin, bent, or pulled (as in the case of certain metals), of being formed anew (as in the case of other malleable materials), or of being easily influenced or lead (as in the case of people). To conduct is to lead to a particular result, though conduce is sometimes used for this meaning. Something that leads is a conductor, as in the case of a substance that carries heat or another form of energy or a person who is the head of an orchestra or an official on a train. The act is conducting in the sense of carrying energy is called conduction. To deduce is to figure out by reasoning or to trace; a deduction is the result. Deduct is synonymous with deduce, but it also means â€Å"subtract.† Induce and introduce both mean â€Å"lead into,† but the former pertains to influence, persuasion, or persuasion, or to forming or producing. (In the sense of producing an electrical current, the verb form is induct.) Introduction, by contrast, refers to the act of presenting, especially for the first time, or to inserting or instituting something. To produce is to develop; something produced is a product, although produce is employed to refer to fruits and vegetables; production is distinguished from product in that it refers to the creation of goods or of artistic works. To reduce is to diminish the amount of something, and to seduce is to literally lead away or astray, either in a physical, sexual sense or in the figurative sense of â€Å"persuade.† Less common words derived from ducere include circumduction (â€Å"circular movement of an extremity or limb†), subduction (â€Å"movement of the edge of one tectonic plate below another†), traduction (â€Å"defamation,† although it also has senses pertaining to logic and rhetoric), and transduction (â€Å"transfer of energy or information†). Words that may not be immediately apparent as belonging in the ducere family include educate (literally, â€Å"lead out†); someone who educates, or teaches or trains, is an educator, and the act of teaching or training is education. (The adjectival form is educational.) Another is douche, which came to English from French by way of an Italian word for â€Å"spray† and as both a noun and a verb refers to vaginal cleansing. Duke, meanwhile, stems from the Latin word for â€Å"leader† and referred originally to a prince and later to a high-ranking nobleman. The adjectival form is ducal, the domain of a duke is a dukedom, and the wife of a duke is a duchess. (The verb and noun dock may also derive from ducere, although it may have a Germanic origin.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:"Because Of" and "Due To" 50 Idioms About Arms, Hands, and Fingers40 Words Beginning with "Para-"

Sunday, February 23, 2020

Collage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Collage - Essay Example Then I thought that since I really cannot run away from my circumstances, I might as well face everything. I braved myself and approached strangers for directions whenever I needed to go to a new place. It felt so good to finally overcome my fears and simply be like everybody else. I felt then that I really belonged to my new environment. Life became more bearable as I learned to deal with other people. I gained new acquaintances who have been very helpful to me as I adjusted to the American lifestyle. I noticed that there are a lot of foreign students in school. Instead of befriending them, I shied away because I thought that they might have their own friends. Moreover, they might not really be interested in me. Unexpectedly, an American stranger spoke to me, talking about everyday things such as difficulties, struggles accompanied by many good things as well that might simply happen to anybody. She somehow influenced me to change my perspective about new environments. I will be forever grateful to that young woman. We may have talked for just a few minutes but her gesture of taking the first move to really make me feel comfortable was just reassuring. Now, I have befriended some students because of that incident. I did not feel out of place anymore but I have discovered that people are actually accommodating here. Things have been going quite well in school. I gained a few friends and I find the classes interesting. However, I always fear examinations because they will show how I am performing in class. It is not that I am afraid of the results. What I am more afraid of is how my mother would react to my grades if I fail. You see, Chinese mothers have always been known to demand high performances from their children especially if they are successful in their own fields. Chinese parents always regard the success of their children as a reflection of their own accomplishments so they work hard to make their kids work even harder. In my case,

Thursday, February 6, 2020

Optimal Number Of Firms In The Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Optimal Number Of Firms In The Market - Essay Example Imagine if the world is consuming what has been given to them, the world is being operated on daily basis, such as a limited amount of food is prepared daily and in order to prevent the food from getting stale, people consume every unit of it, is it possible Of course there is no chance for such situation, so we have to consider even bigger policies for production and consumption, may be we can use the past records of what is the optimal level of production and consumption or at which particular level firms are having maximum profit and minimum loss. We now have to consider the importance of the circular flow or economic cycle, the market system heavily relies on the supply and demand to solve the three major arising problems that are What goods and services will be produced, it is determined by the daily purchasing decisions of the customers as keeping it on the yearly basis can be very risky, one can see that over the past few years the bird flue took place significantly, therefore we cannot rely on yearly basis as the behavior of consumers can change unpredictably. The second problem is How things or goods produced would be rated in terms of pricing, of course there is a competition everywhere, so the problem of differentiating the product arises. Taking the example of bird flue there are many other issues that are very common in every day life such as at times there is drastic change in the technological market, such as everyday a new computer technology replaces the old one which eventually results in greater competition and brand switching. The third issue is For whome things are produced, here the focus is obviously on consumers and their level of consumption, but supply and demand has a major role to play here. The immediate task the companies have to face is to determine the wages, land rents, interest rates and many factors related to everyday life, it is explained thoroughly later in this discussion. The circular flow is all based on the previously d iscussed three problems. What the flow intends to show is that all the money is constantly moving within a frame of a country, there are minor changes but over all the flow is constant until and unless some big change takes place such as war. The circular flow is all comprised of four things, those are product markets (prices are set by the markets keeping in view the scenario), Household markets (the buyer behavior which keeps on shifting but over all the money utilization and spending is unchangeable), the business sector (which pays the rents and wages to the people working, who are also at the same time are households) and the factor markets (which keep on changing the rents, wages, interests but over all the wealth remains within the country, if less rent for one person may be much higher for another person). Until and unless these problems would not be solved which of course cannot be solved the firms would find it impossible to be operated at an optimal level. "Dollar votes of households interact with business supply in the product markets at top, helping to determine what is produced.

Tuesday, January 28, 2020

Lessons in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice Essay Example for Free

Lessons in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice Essay Pride and Prejudice is one of the most popular novels written by Jane Austen which was first published in 1813. It is more than a story of love which revolves around the lives of the Bennett family and the wealthy male visitors of Hertfordshire. Its wide variety of personalities in the story contributed to the novel’s attractive and compelling features; which provides several realizations to its readers and their view of social class, marriage and women status in the 19th century which can be attributed to each character’s personality. The Women and Men of the 19th Century The theme towards courtship and marriage is already explicitly stated in the first sentence of the novel. â€Å"It is a truth universally acknowledge that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife† (p. 3). In this initial sentence, Austen prepares the readers on what to expect. There is a big probability that the story will revolve in a fascinating chase: either a husband in search of a wife or a woman in pursuit of a husband. Marriage during 18th century was different compared to how marriage is viewed nowadays. It was a challenging and debatable social issue since marriage with love was not a necessity. At that time, marriage consisted of rules and standards that often ignore emotions or feelings. Moreover, community and family were major participants in establishing marriage. From that first sentence, considering the time the novel was created, the readers would expect a witty tone towards marriage and society The novel also portrayed several characters that are stereotypical in the 19th century. The diverse personalities of each character reveals how the era was like for the author and how the status of people were determined through their wealth, fame and gender. Apparently, the primary lesson that this novel has for its readers is the fact that in the past love was not a necessary element of marriage. Women were usually seen as mere wives for men. Nonetheless, in Austen’s story, she made use of Elizabeth Bennet and Fitzwilliam Darcy’s conflicting characters to refuse the kind of stereotypical 19th century setting that the novel was set in. The two major characters, Elizabeth Bennet and Fitzwilliam Darcy, were clearly different kinds of people who later proved themselves to be the ideal match for each other. Clearly, the transformation of Elizabeth and Darcy’s characters were made possible by their own pride and prejudices against each other. This fact, therefore, illustrates the idea that the character transformation would most likely not occur without the shortcomings and hasty judgments of the two main characters of the Jane Austen’s famous novel. It was quite ironic though that the novel also conveys the idea that people do fall in love under the most unexpected circumstances. There is a short line expressed by the female protagonist Elizabeth Bennett which can be considered somewhat explanatory of the whole novel. â€Å"Books—oh!  No. I am sure we never read the same, or not with the same feelings† (p. 82). This is Elizabeth Bennett’s response to Fitzwilliam Darcy when he asked her about her thoughts on books. They were dancing on the ball of the Netherland Estate and trying to create a conversation. Based on Elizabeth’s response and her quick dismissals of the topic that Mr. Darcy brought up, her great dislike towards the wealthy young man was evident. This particular line of Elizabeth Bennett is considered an important line for the novel because it insinuates a symbolic image rather than a literal meaning for the main characters in the story. Her remark about how the topic of books would not be able to create a productive conversation because they probably would have not read the same book or have the same feeling towards it depicts that their personalities—similar or not—can still generate different interpretations. Even the title of the book itself can be considered characteristics that Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy both possess, which caused them to make erratic conclusions about each others’ personality. The above statement from Elizabeth depicts that the novel primarily focuses on the theme of misunderstandings, false impressions, and lapses in judgment. Thoroughly reviewing the whole context of the story, the diverse personalities of the characters are what made it possible to provide the picture of the lifestyle of English people in the 19th century. Each character is provided a characteristic that is distinct to other characters. Elizabeth Bennett, an interesting character indeed, possesses traits which are very much different from her sisters. Here is one of her statements to Darcy included in Chapter 19 where she rejects him the first time he proposed to marry her and considered to be one of the pivotal turns in the story which caused the change in both Elizabeth and Darcy’s character: I have no pretension whatever to that kind of elegance which consists in tormenting a respectable man. . . I thank you again and again for the honor you have done me in your proposals, but to accept them is absolutely impossible. . . Do not consider me now as an elegant female, intending to plague you, but as a rational creature, speaking the truth from her heart (p. 97). Elizabeth Bennett’s character speaks much of a strong personality which is extremely opinionated and bold. Unlike her younger sisters, she does not allow social status and wealth to interfere with her standards for love. However, in her statement, prejudices toward Darcy are evident for she has already judged him without knowing him well first. However, at the end of the story, she regrets having misjudged the man upon knowing the real Fitzwilliam Darcy. This theme of wrong first impression is very common in the personality of Elizabeth Bennet as she always seem to misjudge a man’s intent such as that of Darcy and Mr. Wickham. On the other hand, Darcy’s character also reveals how wrong he was on his first impression towards Elizabeth. His statement where she declared Elizabeth as tolerable but not beautiful enough to interest him because of her poor social status discloses how proud he was to avoid being acquainted with such a woman (p. 9). Similarly, he took back his word when he found out how interesting and intelligent Elizabeth was which led him to confess his feelings and offer a marriage proposal. Unfortunately, his first proposal was rejected. Upon the end of the novel, it is reasonable to conclude that Elizabeth Bennett and Fitzwilliam Darcy actually have similar characteristics which can be considered ironic. Both are intelligent, witty, opinionated, and proud. There are also instances when they have exposed acts of prejudices towards some characters in the story, primarily themselves. Elizabeth deemed Darcy to be an extremely arrogant and proud man when she accidentally heard him say that he was not interested in her due to her poor status in the society. She thought him to be a spoiled wealthy man who is unsociable and selfish. In return, Darcy also showed his prejudices towards her by thinking that she was not right for him because she belonged to the lower class part of the society. Hence, the situation indicates how their impulsive and superficial judgments of each other led them to take back their words and eradicate their pride and prejudices towards each other. They gradually transformed into humble beings who were capable of admitting and accepting their shortcomings. Thus, two people, even with similar characteristics may not have similar outputs and can still be regarded contradictory in terms of beliefs. Like the characters in the story, all have distinct personalities which enabled them to decide the way they did. If Elizabeth did not hastily judged Darcy in the first place which led her into rejecting his first marriage proposal, Darcy would not have humbled himself into further pursuing Elizabeth despite her initial rejection. He would not have rescued her family from social disgrace and reveal his true nature. Simply put, Elizabeth would not have change her opinion about Darcy and most probably reject him still. She would not have fallen in love with him and change her ways of being filled with prejudices. The following scenarios created a huge impact in the maturity and development of the characters in the story which proves that the transformation is indeed dependent on the characters’ actions and decisions. Upon understanding the difference between the main characters’ personalities, it is important to note that the focus of Darcy is to win Elizabeth’ heart to marry her. It is all about marriage from the start of the novel until the end. Austen made it really clear for women in the 19th century how big an issue it was to find someone rich and reputable to marry. Elizabeth’s mother had seemed to push them into marrying by taking them to social balls where rich men were most likely to come and select a wife. Conclusion Clearly, the arguments stated above identify the concept that Elizabeth and Darcy’s character transformation would not have been possible without their mistakes and initial false impressions of each other. This validates the fact that their development as individuals is highly rooted from their decisions and hasty judgments—or rather their own pride and prejudices. In addition, Austen’s ability to inculcate the stereotypes on the characters produced an image of the status of marriage and courtship in the 19th century. It becomes clear to the readers that there was too much consciousness and pressure on the physical attributes and reputations of women than in men. Men were more highly regarded than women as women only seem to serve as partners to men in marriage. The fact that there were balls where men can choose the women they want to marry is already an indication of the restraints that society puts on women. They are merely intended for domestic purposes only.

Monday, January 20, 2020

Industrial Revolution :: essays research papers

The Industrial revolution began in the early 1800s. The industrial revolution could not have happened if the agricultural revolution had not preceded it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the Agricultural Revolution several inventions that reduced the need for man power were invented. Two of those inventions were the Jethro Tull seeding drill and the cotton gin. The seeding drill planted seeds in rows which made the crops easier to manage and harvest. The cotton gin was invented in 1793 by Eli Whitney, it took the seeds out of the cotton. The cotton gin made it so that the work that previously needed to be done by fifty men could now be done by one. An idea of the agricultural revolution was crop rotation. Crop rotation was switching the crops into different fields each year which allowed farmers to produce 25 % more crops and more food means more population up.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the agricultural revolution population went up and less people were needed to work on the farms. There were a lot of people that needed jobs but there were not a lot of jobs for people on farms so the people turned to the cities. The time when people went into the cities looking for jobs which caused the populations of the cities to at least double was called urbanization. During urbanization the city of Manchester in the United kingdom grew from 50,000 people to 500,00 people, this rapid increase of population took place during an extremely short period of time. The United Kingdom became the place where the industrial revolution was born. It happened here because the UK had land, labor, and wealth. Factories arose first in the UK and then all over Europe.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Since there were factories everywhere, there were plenty of jobs for the people. Even though the factories did provide jobs for the people they were not good jobs. People started working as young as the age of six. The average work day was 14-16 hours, and that’s a lot of working hours, especially for a young child.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Inside the factories the conditions were absolutely dreadful. The air was full of dust and other things that made it practically unbreathable, the machines were dangerous and often took a persons limbs or injured them in other ways. Because the work days were so long and the workers were practically on their feet the entire day people became deformed and had problems with their legs. Despite all the hard labor and dangers of the work place the workers were still paid next to nothing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eventually working conditions did improve. One of the things that helped improve conditions were unions. Unions were when all of the workers got together

Sunday, January 12, 2020

The Death of King Tut

Tutankhamun’s tomb is the only royal tomb in Egypt to have escaped the discovery of looters and was discovered by archeologist Howard Carter. The death of Tutankhamun was a sudden tragedy that til this day has yet to be solved. The cause of the famous teenage king’s death has been a long drawn out mystery with a range of theories as to how he met his end. There are no historical records explaining the cause or circumstances of his death, nor is there no positive evidence to suggest how he died. However, there are several theories and many of which have changed over the years.One theory suggests that King Tut was murdered. During an xray of the mummy in 1968, scientists found â€Å"bone fragments in King Tut’s skull prompting this theory†. Another theory as to what caused King Tut’s death was a genetic disorder known as gynecomastia, a hormone imbalance which gives males a female appearance. The final theory was that he died from a â€Å"break in th e bone just above his left knee. † Technology showed that this happened while he was still alive and was probably the result of falling from a chariot and developed an infection in the wound.Furthermore, after many speculations and testing performed on the mummy to find the cause of death, it still remains a mystery. Although there is evidence to potentially prove each of these theories to be true, I believe there are two reasons why he died. While he was alive, he fractured a thigh bone which had gotten infected. This infection spread throughout his body and eventually killed him. The CT scan showed a thin coating of embalming resin around the leg break which suggested that he broke his leg just before he died. The resin â€Å"flowed through the wound and got into direct contact with the fracture and became solidified. There was no evidence or signs of healing of the bone and that is most likely what had killed him. There were no antibiotics 3,000 years ago, and according to Ashraf Selim, a radiologist at Kasr Eleini Teaching Hospital at Cairo University in Egypt, â€Å"the probability of a severe infection resulting from such a break would be quite high. †In addition, the authors led by Dr. Zahi Hawass from the Supreme Council of Antiquities in Cairo, results suggest â€Å"avascular bone necrosis (condition in which the poor blood supply to the bone leads to weakening or destruction of an area of bone) in conjunction ith the malarial infection† was most likely the cause of death in Tutankhamun. In conclusion, there has not yet been a definite cause of death for King Tut, but studies and tests performed on the mummy body mostly point to infection as his cause of death. He died at a very young age, however the medications and technology was not there like it is today. There will continue to be studies and testing done, but there will always only be speculation because he died so long ago.Resources Alleyne, Richard. (February 16, 2010). Kin g Tut Died of Malaria and Bone Condition, Says New Research. http://www. elegraph. co. uk/science/science-news/7251320/King-Tut-died-of-malaria-and-bone-condition-says-new-research. html Hasan, Lama. Crystal Phend (February 16, 2010). How King Tut Died Revealed in New Study. http://abcnews. go. com/Health/LivingLonger/king-tut-died-revealed-study/story? id=9853119 Lovgren, Stefan. (December 1, 2006). King Tut Died From Broken Leg, Not Murder, Scienctists Conclude. http://news. nationalgeographic. com/news/2006/12/061201-king-tut. html. Sayre, Henry. (2011). The Humanities: Culture, Continuity and Change. The Stability of Ancient Egypt. Upper Saddle River, NJ. Prentice Hall

Saturday, January 4, 2020

Weevils and Snout Beetles, Superfamily Curculionoidea

Weevils are odd-looking creatures, with their comically long snouts and seemingly misplaced antennae. But did you know theyre actually beetles, just like ladybugs and fireflies? Both weevils and snout beetles belong to the large beetle superfamily Curculionoidea, and share certain common habits and traits. Description: Its difficult to offer a general description for such a varied group of insects, but you can easily identify most weevils and snout beetles by an extended snout (actually called a rostrum or beak). A few groups within this superfamily, most notably the bark beetles, lack this feature, however. All but the primitive weevils have elbowed antennae, extending from the snout. Weevils and snout beetles have 5-segmented tarsi, but they appear 4-segmented because the fourth segment is quite small and obscured from view without careful inspection. Weevils and snout beetles, like all beetles, have chewing mouthparts. While it may appear by its shape that a weevils long snout is for piercing and sucking (like true bugs), it is not. The mouthparts are quite small and located at the end of the rostrum, but are designed for chewing. Most weevil and snout beetle larvae are white or cream in color, legless, cylindrical, and shaped like a C. They tend to burrow, whether in a host plant or other food source. Families in the Superfamily Curculionoidea: Classification within the superfamily Curculionoidea varies, with some entomologists dividing the group into just 7 families, and others using as many as 18 families. Ive followed the classification accepted by Triplehorn and Johnson (Borror and Delongs Introduction to the Study of Insects, 7th edition) here. Family Nemonychidae – pine flower snout beetlesFamily Anthribidae – fungus weevilsFamily Belidae – primitive or cycad weevilsFamily Attelabidae – leaf-rolling weevils, thief weevils, and tooth-nosed snouth beetlesFamily Brentidae – straight-snouted weevils, pear-shaped weevilsFamily Ithyceridae – Ithycerus noveboracensis Family Curculionidae – snout beetles, bark beetles, ambrosia beetles, and true weevils Classification: Kingdom – AnimaliaPhylum – ArthropodaClass – InsectaOrder – ColeopteraSuperfamily - Curculionoidea Diet: Nearly all adult weevils and snout beetles feed on plants, though they vary greatly in their preferences for eating stems, leaves, seeds, roots, flowers, or fruits. The primitive families of weevils (Belidae and Nemonychidae, primarily) are associated with gymnosperms, such as conifers. The larvae of weevils and snout beetles vary greatly in their feeding habits. Though many are plant feeders, they generally prefer dying or diseased plant hosts. Some weevil larvae are highly specialized feeders, with peculiar dietary habits. One genus (Tentegia, found in Australia) lives and feeds in marsupial dung. Some weevil larvae prey on other insects, like scale insects or the eggs of grasshoppers. Many weevils are serious pests of crops, ornamental plants, or forests, and have significant economic impact. On the other hand, because they feed on plants, some weevils can be used as biological control for invasive or noxious weeds. Life Cycle: Weevils and snout beetles undergo complete metamorphosis, like other beetles, with four life cycle stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Special Behaviors and Defenses: Because this is such a large and diverse group of insects with a broad range of distribution, we find quite a few unique and interesting adaptations among its subgroups. The leaf-rolling weevils, for example, have an unusual way of ovipositing. The female leaf-rolling weevil carefully cuts slits into a leaf, lays an egg at the leaf tip, and then rolls the leaf up into a ball. The leaf drops to the ground, and the larva hatches and feeds on the plant tissue, safe inside. Acorn and nut weevils (genus Curculio) bore holes into acorns, and place their eggs inside. Their larvae feed and develop inside the acorn. Range and Distribution: Weevils and snout beetles number about 62,000 species worldwide, making the superfamily Curculionoidea one of the largest insect groups. Rolf G. Oberprieler, an expert in weevil systematics, estimates the true number of existing species may be closer to 220,000. There are currently about 3,500 species known to inhabit North America. Weevils are most abundant and diverse in the tropics, but have been found as far north as the Canadian Arctic and as far south as the tip of South America. Theyre also known to inhabit remote ocean islands. Sources: Borror and Delongs Introduction to the Study of Insects, 7th edition, by Charles A. Triplehorn and Norman F. Johnson.Encyclopedia of Entomology, 2nd edition, edited by John L. Capinera.Beetles of Eastern North America, by Arthur V. Evans.Morphology and Systematics: Phytophaga, edited by Richard A. B. Leachen and Rolf G. Beutel.A World Catalogue of Families and Genera of Curculionoidea (Insects: Coleoptera), by M. A. Alonso-Zarasaga and C. H. C. Lyal, Entomopraxis, 1999 (PDF). Accessed online November 23, 2015.